The two movements are always spoken of in the same breath. Together they reiterated Hindu-Muslim unity, and went on to become a formidable force against the British. With Mahatma Gandhi offering unconditional support to the Khil?fat Movement—a pan-Islamist initiative of his Muslim brethren led by Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar—the ulama decided to wholeheartedly participate in his non-cooperation movement.

 

Many key leaders were jailed for issuing a fatwa that declared cooperation with the British to be haram. The events highlighted the sincere and relentless efforts made by Muslims to promote communal harmony and to communicate the impact of mass mobilisation—both powerful weapons that could defeat the mighty British.